Month: July 2019

New REACH Law Takes Effect in the EU

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In June 2007, the controversial new REACH (Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals) law came into effect in the European Union. Taking seven years and 1,000 pages to pass, REACH is the most complex law in EU history.

Aiming to protect consumers and the environment from harmful and unsafe chemicals, the law requires manufacturers to ensure that over 30,000 chemicals have been tested and reviewed by the newly created European Chemicals Agency (EChA). For 1,500 high risk substances, manufacturers will have to prove “adequate control.” The EChA will ban ingredients posing a significant threat and ensure that cosmetic and other companies use alternatives.

The law also advocates using alternatives to animal testing, so that data on toxicity to humans is obtained using means other than experiments on vertebrate animals. Since the passage of REACH, L’Oreal has announced that it will conduct safety tests on human skin cells and tissue from animals slaughtered for food, rather than live animals, to collect the new information required by the law.

REACH replaces 40 separate chemicals laws in the EU. It also extends prior cosmetics laws that were based upon risk assessment and responds to ongoing calls from the scientific community for bans on confirmed and likely carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic substances in cosmetic products.

Although there was little existing safety information on 99% of the man thousands of chemicals developed in the EU before 1981, the EU had banned several dangerous chemicals that remain legal in the United States, including phthalates in cosmetics.

REACH is expected to put more pressure on law makers in the United States to impose tougher controls on the usage of toxic chemicals, since under the countrys Toxic Substances Control Act, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has little legal authority to ban or restrict chemicals in use before 1976 because it must first prove they pose “an unreasonable risk.” It should be noted, however, that there are several shortcomings to the new European law. First, manufacturers have 11 years to register product ingredients, leaving more than a decade until all the ingredients in cosmetics products will be fully disclosed. Also, if a product was manufactured outside the EU and imported, it is not regulated under REACH.

The Honley Law Practise- Solicitors In Huddersfield

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The Honley Law Practice and their professional solicitors are based in the Holme Valley near Huddersfield. The Honley Law Practice is an independent law firm and manages to remain independent by not paying commission to referral agencies. This independence allows these huddersfield solicitors to offer cost effective and unbiased services in employment law, family law and property law just to name a few.

One of the many professional services thatThe Honley Law Practice provides in Huddersfield is in Family Law. Family law is a broad term that encompasses a number of issues. Honley law has a number of divorce lawyers and solicitors in Huddersfield that can guide you through family law issues. In the past our Huddersfield solicitors have represented clients from many different types of family including those who are married, living together or in a civil partnership. Honley Laws Huddersfield solicitors can provide you with sympathetic tailored advice and will aim to resolve your family issues in a timely manner trying to avoid court where possible. Aside from divorce solicitors the Honley law can also help you with pre-nuptial arrangements.

Honley Laws Huddersfield solicitors also specialise in employment law and work issues. Employment law can be extremely difficult to understand and take on by yourself as it is an area of law that changes regularly. If you are an employer itsessential to understand employment laws as compensation for things like unfair dismissal can now amass to up to 50,000. Honley laws Huddersfield solicitors can simply explain these laws to you so you and your employees are aware of their rights. The Honley Law Practise have extensive knowledge and experience in the field of employment law so can guide you through contracts, disciplinary action, employment tribunals, breaches of contract and unfair or wrongful dismissal.

The Huddersfield based solicitors are also experienced in property law. Property law can cover tenancies, property disputes and the renting or selling of commercial property. Property disputes can include arguments between neighbours or disagreements over property boundaries. Whenever possible the Honley laws solicitors will attempt to settle disagreements via negotiation in order to avoid the stress and costs of taking a dispute to court, but when this is unavoidable the Huddersfield solicitors will provide a high quality professional service.

The Honley Laws Huddersfield solicitors can also act as conveyancing solicitors. The conveyancing solicitors will be able to guide you through buying, selling or remortgaging your home. The Huddersfield solicitors can ensure you a professional service and they do this by staying in constant contact and by not having any connections with letting or referral agents, so all legal advice provided by the solicitors is completely independent and unbiased.

Planning for the future can be difficult and with the risk of paying high inheritance taxes you may wish to come to the Honley Law Practice to see how you can save more money for you family after you have gone. With the help from their Huddersfield solicitors, making a will can be simple and stress free and should be completed within a week. When settling your affairs tax planning is essential, at the moment inheritance tax is at 40% for estates worth 325,000 or more but with the help of the Honley Law Practices expert solicitors this can be avoided.

So if you live in and around Holmfirth, Honley, Huddersfield or West Yorkshire,contact the Honley Law Practices Huddersfield solicitors for practical advice.

Career In Law Part -2

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Lawyers in Defence services – deals with all legal matters concerning the state and is authorised to conduct courts of enquiry and court martials of offending service personnel.

2) Political advisors Ministers have various legal experts on their pay rolls who advise them from time to time on legal issues concerning various political matters

3) Lawyers with the government – inducted into the Government ministries through a UPSC interview. The minimum qualification is a Master’s degree in law with five years’ experience. Examples include: Indian Legal Service (Law officers and Legal Advisors) & State Legal Service (state police, judiciary and revenue departments)

(A)Personality Traits
1.)Highly intellectual
2.)Ability to assimilate & analyse data
3.)Unbiased approach
4.)Excellent communication & presentation skills
5.)Ability to persuade, convince & argue
6.)Self Confident
7.)Mental & Physical stamina
8.)Inclined towards reference work

(B)Job Prospects
Lawyers begin work either as appreciates with leading lawyers or with law firms. Many go on to set up an independent practice. Some leading law firms include Amarchand MangalDass, AZB, DSK Legal, Pathak & Associates, Dua & Dua, Fox & Mundal, Kochar & Kochar, Khaitan & Khaitan, Luthra & Luthra, Jyoti Sagar and Anand & Anand. These firms have a national presence with specialsied departments in varied fields of law.

(C)Salaries
Starting salaries in a solicitor firm range from Rs 1.2 1.5 lacs per annum but grow very rapidly. A Senior Advocate or Partner in a firm would earn between Rs 10 lacs to Rs 18 lacs per annum on an average. Independent practice starts at Rs 1.2 Rs 1.5 lacs per annum. An independent lawyer doing well could earn between Rs 10 lacs to Rs 15 lacs per annum.
If one makes it big as a well-known or celebrity lawyer, of course, the sky is the limit.

(D)Study Routes
After XII (any subject), pursue BA LLB, a 5-year course in Law.
After graduation (any subject) – LLB is a 3-year course for graduates. Most universities and their affiliated colleges in India conduct the LLB course.

After LLB – After a 5 year law course (BA LLB) or a 3-year (LLB) course, there are opportunities for further studies in areas related to law. These studies could be full time post graduation (LLM) of 2 years duration, or diploma courses of 1-year duration. Studying abroad could also be a possibility. Under-graduation or LLB can only be done in the UK, as that is the only place where if you study Law you can practice in India. Masters in Law can be done in the US or UK.

Leading institutions that offer courses in law are:
1.) National Law School of India University, Nagarbhavi, Bangalore – 560 072.
2.) NALSAR University of Law, 3-4-761, Barkatpura, Hyderabad – 500027
3.) National University of Juridical Sciences, NUJS Bhawan, 12 LB Block, Salt Lake, Kolkata
4.) National Law University, NH-65, Nagaur Road, Mandore, Jodhpur, Rajasthan- 342 004
5.) Symbiosis Society’s Law College, Senapati Bapat Road, Pune, Maharashtra – 411 004
6.) NLIU Bhopal, VYAPAM “Chayan Bhawan” Main Road No.-1, Chinar Park (East) Bhopal-11
7.) Pondicherry University 5 YR BA LLB (HONS) CENTAC, Pondicherry Engineering College Campus, Pondicherry 605 014.
8.) The Tamil Nadu Dr.Ambedkar Law University, “Poompozhil”, 5, Greenways Road, Chennai – 600 028.
9.) Hidayatullah National Law University, Civil Lines, Raipur – 492001 (C.G.).
10.) Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, Kashmere Gate, Delhi-110006.
11.) Army institute of Law, Sector – 68, Mohali 160062, Punjab
12.) Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Bharati Vidyapeeth Bhavan, Lal Bhadur Shastri Marg, Pune 411 030
13.) Faculty of Law, Delhi University, University Road, Delhi 110007
14.) Faculty of Law, Banaras Hindu University, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005
15.) Gujarat National Law University , Gandhinagar, Old NIFT Building,E-4 GIDC, Electronic Zone, Gandhinagar – 382 028, Gujarat
16.) Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh 202002
17.) Hidayatullah National Law University, HNLU Bhawan, Civil Lines, 492001 Raipur

Other Colleges include:
1.)Aligarh Muslim University, Law Faculty, Aligarh 202002.
2.)Amity Law School (Amity Campus Saket) E-27, Defence Colony, New Delhi 24
3.)NBM College of Law, Vishakapatnam 530002
4.)Osmania University, Law College Hyderabad 500007
5.)Bangalore University, Law College, Jnana Bharathi, Bangalore 560056
6.)Mangalore University Manglagangotri 574199, Karnataka
7.)University of Mysore, Law College, Crawford Hall, Mysore 570005
8.)Law College, University of Madras, Centenary Buildings,Chepauk, Chennai 600005
9.)Bharti Vidyapeeth Law College, LB Shastri Marg Pune 411030
10.) B R Ambedkar University, College of Law Aurangabad 431001
11.) University of Mumbai Law Faculty, Fort, Mumbai 400032
12.) University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007
13.) University of Punjab, Chandigarh
14.) Law Faculty, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007
15.) University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302 004
16.) University of Mumbai Law Faculty, Fort, Mumbai 400032
17.) Gujarat University, Ahmedabad 380009
18.) MS University of Baroda, Vadodara 399002
19.) Nagpur University, Nagpur 440001
20.) University of Pune, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007
21.) Marathwada University, Aurangabad 431 004
22.) Utkal University, Vani Nagar, Bhubaneshwar 751004

Colleges Overseas

Colleges in USA

1.)Yale University, school of law
2.)Harvard university, school of law
3.)Stanford university, school of law
4.)Columbia university, school of law
5.)New York University, school of law
6.)University of Chicago, school of law

Note: To practice law in India you can only do your Masters in the USA. Under-Graduation would need do be done in India / UK.

UK
1.)Cambridge University
2.)Oxford
3.)London School of Economics
4.)University College, London
5.)Nottingham University
6.)Warwick university
7.)Kings College, London
8.)Manchester University

Australia
1.)Australian College of Law
2.)James Cook University
3.)University of Canberra
4.)University of Melbourne
5.)Sydney University Law School
6.)University of Tasmania

Flag Lighting Is Required Under Federal Law For Anyone Who Flies A United States Flag At Night

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The law does not stipulate wattage for fixture, fixture types, lamp types, or even a set number of foot candles.

This is left to the lighting designer to determine, as the intent of the law is what matters here. The point is to place the flag in its own special field of light so that it can be scene clearly regardless of its surroundings or any other types of lighting in its immediate area.

In communities that still permit up lighting, most flag lighting is done with fixtures that shine up the pole and illuminate the flag. There are basically only two types of fixtures that do this: inground and above ground fixtures. Both are highly effective, depending on the application and the environment.

In ground fixtures for flag lighting go into the ground. Because they are buried below the surface, the lamps are shielded from visibility. The advantage to using inground fixtures is they eliminate glare. The degree of illumination is determined by fixture aim.

In ground lights can be purchased with halogen, LED, or HID lamps.

Above ground flag lighting fixtures are mounted at key locations at the base of the flag. They can be affixed to conduits or junction boxes and aimed directly up at the flag. These fixtures have much higher wattages and are only available with HID lamps. They are essentially a form of floodlight that shines a bright beam up the pole at an angle.

The width and intensity of the beam distribution depend on the wattage of the lamp and the aiming of the fixture.

Selecting the right type of lamp is based upon the size of the flag, the height of the flagpole, and the amount of ambient light present in the immediate surrounding environment.

For example, a flag at a car dealership flying on a 30 foot pole is going to be illuminated already by the dealership lights. In order to spotlight such an object, HID above ground lights would be needed to put additional illumination on the flag and make it stand out from its surroundings.

Another example would be lighting a flag in front of a public school. Depending on the height of the pole and the amount of parking lot lighting, either metal halide inground fixtures or HID above ground fixtures would be needed. The final choice should be made after a photometric analysis of the school parking lot and a determination as to which lamp types will best meet the needs of facility.

LED flag lights, while still striving to catch up with other types of lighting, are great ways to save on power and promote a greener environment in certain locations. Many small businesses, subdivision neighborhood associations, and small suburban parks fly flags on poles that that stand less than 15 feet in height.

In these environments, it is often very dark around the flagpole. LED lights are more than sufficient to light flags at night here because there is no ambient light from parking lots or HID outdoor flood lights.

It is very important that those looking into flag lighting also be made aware that many communities are now banning up lighting altogether. In this event, neither in ground nor above ground fixtures are permitted any longer. A down lighting alternative must be worked in order to comply with both municipal dark sky laws and Federal laws on appropriate illumination of American flags.

Lotteries and the Law of Attraction

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Lotteries and the Law of Attraction

Lottery players select their numbers using a wide variety of methods. Some methods are based on logic and mathematical formulas and algorithms. Others are based on new age or occult ‘sciences.’ Some methods can border on wacky but the fact remains that if there were really a sure fire way to pick winning lottery numbers the world would be filled with lottery millionaires. One of the stranger methods touted as a sure fire way to win the lottery is the so called ‘law of attraction.’

The law of attraction has been around for about a century and a half. It first appeared in the US in 1879. The law of attraction says that thoughts can influence events and chance. Throughout the years various hucksters have convinced many otherwise logical people that the law of attraction is real. Insomniacs who are prone to watching late night TV have probably seen infomercial huckster Kevin Trudeau hawking his own take on the law of attraction called ‘your wish is you command.’ Is the law of attraction real? Scientists say no but many new agers believe that you can achieve great wealth by wishing it. The 2006 film called ‘The Secret’ prompted renewed interest in the law of attraction.

A recent blog post claims that lottery players can win those big jackpots by sheer belief and that winning the lottery is not a matter of luck but of will and belief. The author claims that by eliminating doubts and negative thoughts lottery players can improve their chances of winning a large jackpot. Once again, if that were so we would have thousands, if not millions, of big lottery winners. Television host Larry King has discussed the law of attraction on his show and remains critical. King stated, “If the Universe manifests abundance at a mere thought, why is there so much poverty, starvation, and death?” ‘Evidence’ supporting the law of attraction is anecdotal at best and belief in the law of attraction seems to be confined to the gullible and the hucksters that take advantage of them.

Lotteries are games of pure chance and no amount of belief will change the outcome of a drawing. It has been shown time and time again that most winners of mega jackpot lotteries such as Powerball, Mega Millions, EuroMillions and other lotteries have used the ‘quick pick’ option where the random number generator at the lottery terminal selects the numbers. Since lotteries are games of chance everyone has pretty much an equal chance of winning and no amount of belief will change that fact.